Concepts in Arabic With No English Equivalent



The Arabic language differs from English in many ways. Arabic has 28 consonants English only has 24.  Arabic has eight vowels/diphthongs, English has 22.  Short vowels don’t really matter in Arabic; text is read from right to left and written in cursive script.  There are no upper and lower case letters and rules for pronunciation are less strict.  

Those differences are just the beginning so it stands to reason that that there may be terms, phrases and words that are common in Arabic that don’t have an English equivalent.  Here are a few courtesy of Dr. Mukhtar Curtis who has a Ph.D in Islamic Studies.

Rahman-Several times a day Muslims say the word Rahman during prayer.  The common translation of Rahman is merciful but that is a weak and understated translation.  Merciful according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary means treating people with kindness and forgiveness; not cruel or harsh; having or showing mercy;  giving relief from suffering.  Sounds good but doesn’t quite reach the expansiveness of what Rahman means.  The English just doesn’t come close.

Rahman refers to the mercy that Allah (God) gives to everyone whether they believe in Him, obey Him or even respect Him.  People still have the ability to laugh, wake up in the morning and enjoy the sunshine, they have health, some good, some bad but they can take a breath every day.  Rahman refers to the full weight of Allah’s mercy to everyone regardless of their station in life.  The full weight of this word doesn’t come through when you just say merciful.  There is really no English word equivalent to explain Rahman properly.

Rifq-This word translates as gentleness.  According to the Free Dictionary the definition of gentleness is considerate or kindly in disposition; amiable and tender; not harsh or severe; mild and soft; easily managed or handled; docile; not steep or sudden; gradual.  Rifq is so much more than gentleness or kindness.

Prophet Muhammad, The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said that, “Rifq (gentleness) is not placed in anything except that it beautifies it and that it is not removed from anything except that it makes that thing ugly”.” Saheeh Muslim, Vol. 4, Kitaab Al-Birr was-Silah wal-Aadaab (#2594).  

In another statement by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) it was said: “Whoever has been prevented from Rifq (gentleness) has been prevented from all that is good.” Saheeh Muslim, Vol. 4, Kitaab Al-Birr was-Silah wal-Aadaab (#2592). 

Rifq must be a part of everything.  It refers to the manner and way of dealing with people.  Muslims learn that Allah loves for rifq to be a part of everything.  Even if someone insults you, rifq is to be used in your response.  Rifq is something that earns Allah’s mercy and pleasure.  The closer you are to a person, the more rifq, compassion and gentleness you should use in interacting with them.  The more distant the relationship the less rifq is demonstrated.

Language Matters Worldwide Ltd. has learned many things as we’ve grown to be a leader in the translation industry, by providing high quality translation services for all industries.  Like many companies doing business with Muslims, we had a lot to learn.  We are happy to share our experiences.

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